POSITION STATEMENTS

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The following position statements are summaries of the best available evidence as interpreted by the ACCC. They are provided as general guidelines for those that provide quality assurance and utilization review activities. It is essential that each case be assess fairly according to the merits of the case. This work is is also intended to serve the general chiropractic practitioner as an objective and fair source of information regarding procedures commonly employed by the chiropractic profession. The duration of care information in section three is provided for convenient and has not been assessed or endorsed by the ACCC. Bibliographic information supporting each position statement is available to ABCC diplomates.

Position Statement Creation Procedure

SECTIONS

1. POSITION ON
PROCEDURES

X-ray Cervical Curves
sEMG
ROM studies
 Assessment 
Supportive Care
Preventive/Maintenance Care
Electrical Muscle Stimulation and Heat
Chiropractic Subluxation

2. POSITION ON GUIDELINES

Mercy
CCP 1998
ICA 2000
ACOEM 2004

3. TREATMENT DURATION INFORMATION

Chapter 8  - Guidelines for chiropractic quality assurance and practice parameters. Proc Mercy Center Consensus Conference. Haldeman S, Chapman-Smith D, Petersen D. 
Burlingame, CA: January 25-30,1992. Gaithersburg: Aspen, 1993.

4. CONSULTING TOOLS & TEMPLATES

Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) - Waddell 

5. CERTIFIED CONSULTANT

 Acceptable Use of Terms

1. PROCEDURES

Radiographic Assessment of Cervical Curves - Bibliography  
Support Information -
Cooperstein R, Perle SM, Gleberzon BJ, Peterson DH. Flawed trials, flawed analysis: why CBP should avoid rating itself. J Can Chiropr Assn. 2006;50(2):97-102.

The current literature does not support the necessity of radiographic studies performed solely for the purpose of assessment or reassessment of the cervical lordosis and/or restoration of an optimal curve. There are insufficient data to support the use of such techniques for the purpose of outcome assessment or treatment planning.  
-
Position Statement of the American College of Chiropractic Consultants - 2006

Surface EMG - Bibliography

The clinical usefulness is limited because the discriminability of these procedures has not been fully evaluated.  They are easily influenced by changes in posture or other source errors and the meaning of measurements associated with them is uncertain and does not significantly contribute to therapeutic decision  making. There are no clinical indications for the routine use of SEMG in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of nerve or muscle.
-
Position Statement of the American College of Chiropractic Consultants - 2006

ROM Studies

Range of motion testing is an integral part of a chiropractic examination and follow-up evaluations. Separate billing (unbundling or fragmenting) for range of motion assessment is not generally considered usual or customary.
- Position Statement of the American College of Chiropractic Consultants - 2006

Supportive Care - Bibliography

Long-term treatment/care that is therapeutically necessary. This is treatment for patients who have reached maximum therapeutic benefit, but who fail to sustain benefit and progressively deteriorate when there are periodic trials of treatment withdrawal. Supportive care follows appropriate application of active and passive care including rehabilitation and/or lifestyle modifications.

Supportive care is appropriate when alternative care options, including home-based self-care or referral have been considered and/or attempted. Supportive care may be inappropriate when it interferes with other appropriate primary care, or when risk of supportive care outweighs its benefit, i.e. physician/treatment dependence, somatization, illness behavior or secondary gain.

NB: Chiropractic physicians should be sure and clearly document treatment withdrawal attempts and the results of those attempts.
- Position Statement of the American College of Chiropractic Consultants - 2006

Preventive/Maintenance Care

Elective health care that is typically long-term, by definition not therapeutically necessary but is provided at preferably regular intervals to prevent disease, prolong life, promote health and enhance the quality of life. This care may be provided after maximum therapeutic improvement, without a trial of withdrawal of treatment, to prevent symptomatic deterioration or it may be initiated with patients without symptoms in order to promote health and to prevent future problems.

This care may incorporate screening/evaluation procedures designed to identify developing risks or problems that may pertain to the patient’s health status and give care/advice for these.

Preventative/maintenance care is provided to optimize a patient’s health. 

NB: Coverage for preventive/maintenance care  is often dependant on the patient's contract language.
- Position Statement of the American College of Chiropractic Consultants - 2006


Electrical Stimulation/Heat

There is no high quality literature indicating that electrical stimulation is, or is not, an effective primary treatment for musculoskeletal conditions. However, it is plausible that therapies such as heat and electrical stimulation may assist in the management of pain and/or spasm, and/or tissue softening in preparation for manipulation or mobilization, thereby augmenting the positive effects of those procedures. It is therefore, reasonable to apply such therapies to prepare tissues for tissue elongation, manipulation, and/or mobilization in a clinical setting.
- Position Statement of the American College of Chiropractic Consultants - 2009 

Chiropractic Subluxation Bibliography

The chiropractic subluxation / vertebral subluxation complex is a theoretical model that has historical and traditional significance; however, considering the evolution of scientific research, the term has an ambiguous definition, with no evident health implications.  

While use of the term is required by federal insurance policies, utilization of the term as a diagnosis is otherwise not supported by the scientific evidence.  

Government, healthcare decision makers, and chiropractic educational institutions should be encouraged to update policies requiring the use of the term, and/or the indication for spinal manipulation, based on evolving scientific evidence. Chiropractors should avoid unethical exploitation of the public with unsubstantiated claims regarding the health significance of the chiropractic subluxation / vertebral subluxation complex.
- Position Statement of the American College of Chiropractic Consultants - 2010


2.
GUIDELINES AND BEST PRACTICE DOCUMENTS

Guidelines for Chiropractic Quality Assurance and Practice Parameters : Proceedings of the Mercy Center Consensus Conference published by Aspen Publishers; 1993, have been recommended for application in chiropractic practice with the provisions that newer scientific data be considered. The ACCC recognizes these guidelines and the significance of the associated proviso.  
- American College of Chiropractic Consultants - 2006

Vertebral Subluxation in Chiropractic Practice published by the Council on Chiropractic Practice; 1998, have been assessed as unacceptable for use in clinical practice. This document, and the 2003 Update & Revision, are not recommended by the ACCC. (Includes 1st, 2nd, & 3rd Editions) 
- American College of Chiropractic Consultants - 2006 - update 2008

Recommended Clinical Protocols and Guidelines for the Practice of Chiropractic (ICA guidelines), published by the International Chiropractors Association; August, 2000, have been assessed as unacceptable for use in clinical practice and are not recommended by the ACCC.  
- American College of Chiropractic Consultants - 2006

Occupational medicine practice guidelines : evaluation and management of common health problems and functional recovery of workers. 2nd ed; 2004, published by the American College  of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, have been assessed as acceptable for use in clinical practice with proviso. The ACCC recognizes that some of the recommendations made by these guidelines may not be valid due to possible evidence selection deficiencies and recommend alternative guidelines or best practice documents of higher quality when possible.
- American College of Chiropractic Consultants - 2006

The Council on Chiropractic Guidelines and Practice Parameters' guidelines, reviews, and recommendations reflect the generally accepted standard of care in the United States of America.
 
- American College of Chiropractic Consultants - 2010

3. TREATMENT DURATION *
* This section reports various sources regarding duration of care. 
No single system has been assessed or endorsed by the ACCC.

Chapter 8 
Guidelines for chiropractic quality assurance and practice parameters. Proc Mercy Center Consensus Conference. Haldeman S, Chapman-Smith D, Petersen D. eds. 
Burlingame, CA: January 25-30,1992. Gaithersburg: Aspen, 1993.

CCGPP Chiropractic Management of Low Back Disorders 
Duration of care information at: http://www.ccgpp.org/delphi.pdf 

 

4. CONSULTING TOOLS & TEMPLATES

Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) - Waddell 

 

5. CERTIFIED CONSULTANT

Position statement regarding the granting, advertisement 
and use of “certified consultant” designation.

Many programs offered to the chiropractic profession include certificates of attendance. These certificates are not to be equated with or considered to be certification. Furthermore, programs that offer certifications on the basis of course fees, attendance or examinations produced by the sponsor should not to be confused with certifications from an independent accrediting body.  

For example, courses like the diplomate in orthopedics are offered or sponsored by CCE accredited organizations and board certification is granted by an independent body. This process eliminates the potential for abuse by opportunistic entrepreneurs that instruct and certify their participants without appropriate teaching and examination processes.   

It is the position of the American College of Chiropractic Consultants that the use of the term "certified consultant" implies certification by an independent examining board. As such, the term "certified consultant" should be reserved for chiropractors that have completed the requisite education AND successfully passed the ABCC (American Board of Chiropractic Consultants) board examination or other nationally recognized independent board examination.   

Those completing continuing education consulting programs are considered to hold a "consulting certificate" and should not hold themselves out as a "board certified" or "certified" consultant.

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10/14/2010